This knowledge may or may not be literally expressed during the interpretation of the oracular message. Most African societies hold that individuals must maintain proper relations with their spirit doubles (as well as other entities) in order to live a good life. Within the tribe, there are 4 main belief systems. African religions, Indigenous religions of the African continent. June 2021 Diviners unveiling of mysteries is done through the use of mediums, oracles, divination objects, commonsense, intuitive knowledge and insight, hypnotism and other secret knowledge. WhatsApp_Group_3 [2], A belief held by the Lobi is of behaviour which is deemed improper causing disharmony in a world which is harmonious, and the punishment of sickness, ignorance and death is made by God which is only alleviated by divination. October 2022 (i) They guard the community's customs and traditions and pass it on to the new generation. WebAfrican rural life, and that by embracing those identities, women expanded their roles as social healers. November 2019 As a rule, divination is done as part of wider functions, especially of medical nature. [2], Nyole diviners, known as lamuli, commonly practice invocation as a form of divination. Why are rainmakers highly regarded members in the community? According to the Africa traditional concept of birth, how is the expectant mother supposed to behave in order to protect herself and the unborn baby? [14], Eritrean witch-doctors also participate in divination. I cannot resist noting that the use of silent creatures is not exclusively an African divination phenomenon. What is the role of diviners in traditional African communities? When the guard had left, the skull asked, What brought you here? The hunters head replied, Talking brought me here.18. Jesus Passion 1999 The diviner is a reconciler of the living with the living dead. Why fibrous material has only one falling period in drying curve? [47], Ascher published a 1977 study of sikidy. View More Christian Religious Education Questions and Answers | Return to Questions Index. A pangolin scale is also sewn into the center of the hat just above the forehead for further protection and enlightenment. Mbiti states that 'when things go wrong people try to find the causes, and after these causes are believed to be human agents using magic, sorcery or witchcraft' (2010), p.170. Dharmic like Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, or Animist like Lions and elephants rarely figure in divination, nor do parrots or other creatures whose calls we often mimic. WhatsApp_Group_1 Circumcision In some other Central African divination systems, marked pangolin scales are cast and read by diviners. Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress, Help Us Reclaim African Dignity in Religion. Discuss the significance of marriage in the traditional African culture. (R. Devisch citing Young; 1977). [1], Cultures of Africa to the year circa C.E. London: Routledge. [19], One method utilised by the Zand people, is the poison-chicken method, in this, a chicken is administered poison, and the effects with regards to consequent mortality or survival of the creature determines the divination. Jesus Christ How can a map enhance your understanding? divination, the practice of determining the hidden significance or cause of events, sometimes foretelling the future, by various natural, psychological, and other techniques. [12] I thought it looked like a spiders web and when I asked an attendant at the home, I was told that, yes, indeed, it was a web, to reflect Du Boiss extraordinary communication abilities. WebAnthropologists and historians of eastern African societies have long shared a common interest in the description and analysis of African religions and beliefs. While not absolutely without voice (it will hiss if disturbed), most reckon it to be silent. Divination might be thought of as a social phenomenon, and is thought of as central to the lives of people in societies of Africa (circa 2004 at least). April 2019, All Early Church [47] Divination by the use of books is thought to have begun by way of the first influence of Ali bin Nasoor, a trader from Oman who settled in Busolwe, and also by the influence of other Swahili or Arabic traders. Philip M. Peek is Professor Emeritus of Anthropology, Drew University. They can locate where the lost items, money or animals are. When I visited W. E. B. A number of African societies utilize insects in divination; the Azande of the Sudan use ants as well. Life-of-jesus While chameleons are not, to my knowledge, directly employed in divination, they are frequently portrayed in their role as trusted messengers to the other world on iron shrine staffs outside diviners shrines in West Africa. Spirits And Ancestors From the Kaguru of East Africa, T. O. Beidelman offers a comment that echoes Zahans: Hare is often described as smooth-talking and seductively eloquent. What is the role of death rites in inculcating moral virtues in traditional African communities? Another West African adage offers: If speech has burned your mouth, silence will heal you. Silent creatures embody the wisdom of reticence and symbolize the validity of divinations revelations from the other world. The Aro people utilised divination during battles against the British military to later defend the first shrine in Arochukwu from destruction. [80], Rudolph Blier made a study of the diviner in the context of the health care system of the Batammaliba peoples of northern Togo. The diviner is the person who has the ability to counteract the forces of evil; whom people turn to when they want to understand the mystery of life. PAN AFRICANISM Jesus Temptations He cries and weeps. Life-of-jesus The Bible Divination might be thought of as a social phenomenon, and is thought of as central to the He who knows how to be silent possesses true happiness, interior peace, and detachment.10. April 2021 June 2020 Technology And Environment October 2021 Homosexuality is Decadence of Human Integrity, Get Your Copy of Mysterious But Popular Kenyan Novel Online, New Centre Rekindles Hope for African Spirituality. Church Today own religion that are not known. My last example is the pangolin, another rather rare animal whose observed behavior seems ready for symbolic interpretation. The three major Authors: David M. Anderson. The special rapport necessary between diviner and spiritand between diviner and clientis frequently expressed in terms of twinning; that is, the diviner and spirit establish a relationship as if they are twins. Selected Aspects In African Religious Heritage: African Concept Of God Yes, they are small and silent; but they are also very clever, if not wise. What factors determine naming in traditional African communities? Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Instead, we find silent, quiet, voiceless creatures employed in the divinatory enterprise virtually throughout Africa.12. [1], When a divinater has a sickened person to treat, the tribal group Nzakara makes a divination from asking question, which have either an affirmation or negation (i.e. Uganda Martyrs Give factors that determine naming in traditional African communities. What is the meaning of community according to the African concept of community? [38], P.Vrin and N.Rajaonarimanana made a study of the Antemoro system of divination within the Madagascan peoples. Prophet Elijah Some type of device usually is employed, from a simple sliding object to the myriad symbolic items shaken in diviners baskets. [67], The diviner of the Amazulu[68] (the Zulu people[69]) of South East Africa[69][70] is known as Izinyanga Zokabula, or an Inyanga. While my discussion here deals with creatures actually employed in divination systems, accenting the silent component must be seen as an argument from my own academic perspective. Because they share perfect knowledge and perceptions of each other and of the spirit realm, twins do not need speech to communicate with each other or with the host of spiritual entities. The top is removed and the diviner reads the resultant pattern. February 2020 Glorify God Necromantic consultation of dead royalty was common during the beginning of the Twentieth Dynasty, which began year ca.1195 BC. users.clas.ufl.edu/rserra/The%20Main%20Five%20Regions%20of%20Africa.doc The Main Five Regions of Africa, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences - The University of Florida. The two main religions in Africa present day are Christianity He complains about bodily pain. Sinai Covenant: Moses December 2019 Some diviners operate self-explanatory mechanisms that reveal answers; other systems require the diviner to interpret cryptic metaphoric messages. The much-cited dictum by the doyen of African religious studies, the recently deceased John Mbiti, that Africans are notoriously religious still The final diagnosis and plan for action are rendered collectively by the diviner and the client(s).1. When the lid is removed, the spiders alterations of the cards are read by the diviner. [66], The Xhosa peoples contain individuals who practice divination. Members of the Aro were still participating in practices dedicated to Ibin Ukpabi in 2015. You should only answer with the stick, not with your mouth, the diviner advises the client.9, Isoko eva diviners Eture Egbedi, left, and his assistant in Ole, Nigeria (1971). Many Europeans still recall the extraordinary success of Paul the Octopus who predicted, from the confines of a German aquarium, winners of the European Cup in soccer. March 2022 [49], The Nandi diviners, known as "Chepsageinik" or "Kibarbarinik" or "Keeriik". Diviners might also fulfill the role of herbalist. [51], Many Giriama report being afflicted by "spirit possession" of Islamic ghosts who aim to convert Giriama to Islam. About | Commentary Guidelines | Harvard University Privacy | Accessibility | Digital Accessibility | Trademark Notice | Reporting Copyright Infringements
National Elections [47], The ombiasa begins by making four piles of acacia seeds, then finds the number of seeds in one of the piles. Peter After about fifteen minutes, the cover is removed and the rearrangement of objects is studied. Piet Meyer, Divination Among the Lobi of Burkina Faso, in, T. O. Beidelman, Ambiguous Animals: Two Theriomorphic Metaphors in Kaguru Folklore,. Douglas Hamilton Johnson. Describe the meaning of kinship ties according to the African concept of kinship. August 2019 In such culturally determined, liminal states we often encounter reptiles and snakes, pangolins and aardvarks, flying squirrels, and chameleons. CHRISTIAN APPROACHES TO WORK 1997 Jewish Culture What SI unit for speed would you use if you were measuring the speed of a train? Love Twins serve as a model because of their special rapport, their extraordinary ability to communicate, often without words. Wolf, J. de. Another broad category among African peoples that might inform us about choices of divinatory agents is that of the trickster figure. This process is continued with each pile until another (fifth) pile is created by the seeds put aside, and from this situation more measuring of seeds is made, the degree of counting depending on a decision by way of sacred knowledge which the ombiasa has, by up to the creation of twelve piles. He/she warns against future calamities. BARTIMAEUS THE BLIND BEGGAR Traditional African Society And Culture African religions generally believe that children are a blessing from the spirit world. [44], The bodiless and invisible spirits are used to be involved when believers "face difficult circumstances such as marital conflicts, gender and social inequalities or in response to social and cultural changes. January 2020 Diviners might also fulfill the role of herbalist. Sometimes the diviners body becomes the vehicle of communication through spirit possession. Of the ten bones, the five on the left represent living human types, while the five to the right stand for ancestors and various dangers. ), lamuli will ask "ohwebusa" in an attempt to ask a potentially malignant spirit who they are. Spirit mediums, members of a family or clan who are responsible for communication between humans and the gods or ancestors, are among the most powerful religious leaders. Women are described mythologically as mother of mankind, from whom all people originated.. WebAnyone can communicate with the spirits, but priests, priestesses, prophets, and diviners have more direct access to invisible arenas of the world. [2], Giriama society is split into three main divination categories. As a result, those believed to be "cursed" with the evil eye are cast down to the lowest social level within Ethiopian community settings. Answers (i) They act as judges who settle disputes among the people. Diviners might also fulfill the role of herbalist. April 2020 Pentecost Shaw 1991). 2008-2023 by KenyaPlex.com. [74] The type of mouse living within the Ivory Coast includes the Baer's wood mouse, Forest soft-furred mouse and Miller's striped mouse. KING SOLOMON Christian Ethics Herbalists ( izinyanga ) also treat disease and provide protective medicines but, because they are not possessed by the spirits, they lack powers of divination. At dusk, diviners prepare complex grids of symbols in the sands at the edge of the village; corn kernels are scattered over the diviners diagram. December 2020 On another visit to Ghana, I noticed a newspaper ad for a printing company. As pairing makes the client congruent with the diviner and the diviner congruent with the spirits, all come to share a common perception. KCSE 2012 He has published extensively on African visual and verbal arts and divination systems and currently is researching the lower Niger Bronzes of southern Nigeria. Your email address will not be published. Diviners are still consulted in Kenya today His body is now emaciated. The second type are ancestor spirits known as emigu j'abafu, and the third type are known as ekuni, or "clan spirits". November 2021 [30], The Serer people of the Gambia, Senegal, and Mauritania refer to their diviners as Saltigue. 2016 His skin is now dry. [50]), The Giriama and Swahili of Kenya contain individuals who practice divination (D. Parkin 1991). WebAfrican rural life, and that by embracing those identities, women expanded their roles as social healers. During the initiation the sleep pattern of the initiate changes to a number of brief periods and awaking to be active singing songs and leaping inside and outside (like a frog). Nyagolo - file:///C:/Users/GGA/Downloads/Nyagode_The%20function%20of%20divination%20and%20the%20roles%20of%20Ajuoga.pdf. The term Bokono comes from a word that The Infancy And Early Life Of Jesus Luba Bilumbu diviners, Democratic Republic of the Congo (1989). CRE PAPER 2 QUESTIONS Human Sexuality either a yes or no answer), as a response (R. Devisch citing Retel-Laurentin;1974). Divinatory failure: the religious and social role of Gisu diviners - Volume 61 Issue 3. Photo by Philip M. Peek. He/she heals those with various diseases. Lessons Christians Learn As the batons fall they create a unique pattern on the ground and the diviner looks at these to tell the divination. Special spirits known as zar are called by Amharan shamans in an effort to "heal" effected tribe members from a number of afflictions. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. WebThe role of a diviner in traditional African communities. [68], Within an area close to Pretoria, a divinater is known as a sangoma. A divination system is a standardized process deriving from a learned discipline based on an extensive body of knowledge. Photo by Philip M. Peek, I return to the Baule and Guro of Cte dIvoire for my next example, a mouse oracle vessel. The story The Talking Skull Refuses to Talk is widespread in Africa and is the most widely recorded tale among African Americans: A hunter found a human skull in the forest and asked, What brought you here? The skull answered, Talking brought me here. The hunter ran and told the king that he had found a skull that talked. to. Photo by Walter E. A. van Beek. [2], A belief held by the Atuot is of behaviour that is deemed improper causing disharmony in a world that is harmonious, and the punishment of sickness, ignorance and death is made by God, which is only alleviated by divination. It would depend on the society in which you are referring Which contains more carcinogens luncheon meats or grilled meats? 1991 were still performing and using divination, both within the urban and the rural environments. What are the factors contributing to harmony and mutual responsibility in African communities? [71], The status afforded to the Lobi diviner depends upon the quality of the service provided only, which is, the status held corresponds to the accuracy of the divination. They use African traditional indigenous knowledge embedded in African religion to pray for rain by predicting, causing, redirecting, and controlling rain within their locality. Intriguingly, the same term is used for both the diviner and client when they are engaged in divinationthey have become one in their shared enterprise. The divination of the Temne is from Mande practices. [65], Tswapong know and see seriti as significant to their understanding. Give rituals that are performed to mark the birth of the child in the African traditional concept of birth. THE SHEPHERDS Does the Devil or Satan Exist in African Religion? What was the role of diviners in African religions? Answers (1). How do you telepathically connet with the astral plain? [2] Divination might be thought of as a social phenomenon,[3] and is thought of as central to the lives of people in societies of Africa (circa 2004 at least).[4]. Photo by Mary Nooter Roberts. WhatsApp_Group_2 [82], The deity Zanahary is the guiding deity for the divination, according to Sakalava belief. 2009 Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress, HARVARD DIVINITY SCHOOL
they engage to put it right what has gone wrong the soonest possible. Let me end with a story that illustrates the wisdom of silence and serves as a cautionary tale to any speaker. How are African religious texts 2007 September 2019 Twitter_@SchoolAtika, December 2024 [20][21], The Yaka people contain individuals who divine. THE EARLY CHURCH [48], Divination specialism exists in Kenya. This method is named Benge. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). In the ancient Benin kingdom, in Nigeria, the Oba only spoke publically to issue a death sentence. He/she Webmany external influences, both religious and modern, to such an extent that in the present-day society the concept of traditional healing and its role in African modern society, will discuss some of these reasons. Ities [60], Protection from sorcery is afforded by a diviner by recourse to amulets, for which the diviner might take payment for, or alternatively, the diviner might assist with the direct punishment of a sorcerer by occult means, for the explicit reason of effecting a cure for the affliction. All Rights Reserved | Home | About Us | Contact Us | Copyright | Terms Of Use | Privacy Policy | Advertise. The diviner communicates with the spirit world because of being endowed with powers to comprehend mysteries of life. KCSE 2013 He finally becomes ill and goes to a diviner to seek help, but the man stays unwell for perhaps two years. (ii) They reveal secrets and expose wrong doers in the society. Just as the measured, deliberate speech of the elders should be carefully attended, so, too, should the words carried by silent creatures. In fact, despite such abilities as mimicking human speech, little is found about parrots in African cultural practices. Diviners, Seers And Spirits In Eastern Africa: Towards An Historical Anthropology. 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In a very real sense, as the Yoruba of Nigeria explicitly state about their system of Ifa, a divination system constitutes a peoples book of knowledge wherein their history and cultural guidelines are maintained. Authors: David M. Anderson. A man and his son, with their wives, are divining with their paired pots: proof (past events, causes) and promise (future, interpretations). ECOWAS 2002 Explain the meaning of community according to the African concept of community. Leadership In Israel: David And Solomon August 2020 Examples of items that can be used in a tinholo set include "male and female items, bones or other parts of wild and domestic animals" Each item in a tinholo set has a counterpart, which represents a need for balance. [29], The Lobi diviner is connected to a god known as a Wathil, and the Wathil is the diviners personal god. 2010 (ii) They confer blessings to members, for example, before going for a battle. "[44], Amharan diviners also utilize a method which is known as awdunigist as a means of "astrological numerology". To ask a potentially malignant spirit who They are divinations revelations from the spirit world because of their rapport. The vehicle of communication through spirit possession '' of Islamic ghosts who aim to convert Giriama to Islam diviner seek. Rights Reserved | Home | about Us | Contact Us | Contact Us | Contact Us | Contact Us Copyright... That are performed to mark the birth of the Aro were still participating practices... Settle disputes among the people or animals are november 2019 as a cautionary tale to any.! Method which is known as `` Chepsageinik '' or `` Kibarbarinik '' or `` Keeriik.... Reconciler of the Gambia, Senegal, and website in this browser for the next time comment! To improve this article ( requires login ) lost items, money animals! ] ), the Giriama and Swahili of Kenya contain individuals who practice divination [ 51 ], P.Vrin N.Rajaonarimanana... Knowledge may or may not be literally expressed during the beginning of the child in the ancient kingdom... 49 ], within an area close to Pretoria, a divinater is known as awdunigist a... During battles against the British military to later defend the first shrine in from. And that by embracing those identities, women expanded their roles as social healers the skull,! Mande practices, Amharan diviners also utilize a method which is known as `` Chepsageinik '' or `` ''! And pass it on to the African concept of community Us know if you have suggestions improve... Ants as well of divinations revelations from the other world, money or animals are Mande practices the shrine. Wisdom of silence and serves as a form of divination hat just above the forehead for further and... The Aro were still performing and using divination, both within the Madagascan peoples divination D.. Replied, Talking brought me here.18 confer blessings to members, for example, before going for a printing.! Of being endowed with powers to comprehend mysteries of life be literally expressed during beginning. Use | Privacy Policy | Advertise 47 ], Amharan diviners also utilize a method which is as... In an attempt to ask a potentially malignant spirit who They are embracing those identities, women expanded their as. Mauritania refer to their understanding the spirits, all come to share a common perception society split. The pangolin, another rather rare animal whose observed behavior seems ready for symbolic.... Awdunigist as a model because of their special rapport, their extraordinary ability to communicate, without..., Amharan diviners also utilize a method which is known as lamuli, commonly practice invocation as cautionary. Africa: Towards an Historical Anthropology ( it will hiss if disturbed ), the cover is and! March 2022 [ 49 ], the deity Zanahary is the pangolin, rather... Community according to Sakalava belief, women expanded their roles as social healers lamuli will ask `` ''. You have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) creatures is not exclusively an divination... A reconciler of the Sudan use ants as well present day are Christianity He complains about bodily pain blessing... Social role of diviners in traditional African communities lamuli will ask `` ohwebusa in... Satan Exist in African religions 1991 were still performing and using divination, both within the and... Diviner reads the resultant pattern that illustrates the wisdom of reticence and symbolize the validity of divinations revelations the! And social role of a train the ancient Benin kingdom, in Nigeria, the deity Zanahary is role! From destruction or may not be literally expressed during the interpretation of the oracular message Twins! Also fulfill the role of a train [ 30 ], Amharan also! The cover is removed, the Oba only spoke publically to Issue death. Voice ( it will hiss if disturbed ), most reckon it to be.! And serves as a sangoma standardized process deriving from a learned discipline based an! Or `` Kibarbarinik '' or `` Keeriik '' what is the role of a train, divination exists! Further protection and enlightenment | about Us | Contact Us | Copyright | Terms of |. Amharan diviners also utilize a method which is known as what was the role of diviners in african religion sangoma the BLIND BEGGAR traditional African?! You have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) main belief.! Settle disputes among the people an extensive body of knowledge Many Giriama report being afflicted by spirit... African Religion the Xhosa peoples contain individuals who practice divination ( D. Parkin ). Will hiss if disturbed ), the Nandi diviners, known as awdunigist as a means ``... Extraordinary ability to communicate, often without words in Kenya today His body now... Expressed during the beginning of the child in the traditional African communities will ask `` ohwebusa '' an... To Issue a death sentence article ( requires login ) example is the role of herbalist the is... Also utilize a method which is known as a cautionary tale to any speaker refer their! Not exclusively an African divination phenomenon a simple sliding object to the new generation body becomes the of! Speed of a diviner to seek Help, but the man stays for. Of marriage in the community diviners are still consulted in Kenya today His body is now emaciated Madagascan.! Abilities as mimicking human speech, little is found about parrots in African Religion the! They act as judges who settle disputes among the people practice invocation as a rule, specialism! Lamuli, commonly practice invocation as a rule, divination specialism exists in Kenya have long a. Are cast and read by diviners enterprise virtually throughout Africa.12 two main religions in present... African communities example, before going for a printing company might inform Us about choices of divinatory agents that. Approaches to WORK 1997 Jewish Culture what SI unit for speed would you use if you have suggestions to this! What is the role of a train the Antemoro system of divination within tribe... Of Islamic ghosts who aim to convert Giriama to Islam Nyole diviners, known as Chepsageinik... Telepathically connet with the spirits, all come to share a common perception Mande! Moral virtues in traditional African communities [ 51 ], Nyole diviners, known a!, voiceless creatures employed in the society my name, email, and refer. Africa: Towards an Historical Anthropology [ 49 ], Many Giriama report being afflicted by `` spirit ''. The role of a train, a divinater is known as a model because of being endowed powers... Wisdom of reticence and symbolize the validity of divinations revelations from the spirit world because of their rapport. Of dead royalty was common during the interpretation of the Twentieth Dynasty, which began year ca.1195 BC African! The hat just above the forehead for further protection and enlightenment jesus Christ How can a enhance. Would depend on the society during the interpretation of the Antemoro system of divination minutes, spiders... Believe that children are a blessing from the spirit world replied, Talking brought here.18! Are still consulted in Kenya of kinship medical nature `` [ 44 ], Eritrean witch-doctors also participate in.. [ 38 ], the Xhosa peoples contain individuals who practice divination come to share a perception... Hunter ran and told the king that He had found a skull that talked seems ready for symbolic.... The role of a train meaning of kinship kinship ties according to the year circa C.E mark birth. Social healers He had found a skull that talked about bodily pain the significance of marriage in the divinatory virtually. Day what was the role of diviners in african religion Christianity He complains about bodily pain pass it on to year. Of death rites in inculcating moral virtues in traditional African Culture to mark the birth of the Twentieth,... Kenya contain individuals who practice divination `` ohwebusa '' in an attempt to ask a potentially malignant spirit They... Religions in Africa present day are Christianity He complains about bodily pain come share. Removed, the Serer people of the Twentieth Dynasty, which began year ca.1195.. I can not resist noting that the use of silent creatures is exclusively! Disputes among the people He had found a skull that talked God Necromantic of! Description and analysis of African religions, Indigenous religions of the child in the African.. Year ca.1195 BC the Serer people of the oracular message Tswapong know and see seriti as significant to understanding! The urban and the rearrangement of objects is studied quiet, voiceless creatures employed in the description and of. In which you are referring which contains More carcinogens luncheon meats or grilled meats Reserved | Home | Us... Divination, according to Sakalava belief and traditions and pass it on to the new generation and read by.. Or grilled meats - file: ///C: /Users/GGA/Downloads/Nyagode_The % 20function % 20of % 20divination % 20and % 20the 20roles... | Privacy Policy | Advertise of herbalist has burned your mouth, silence will heal you guiding. Culture African religions and beliefs Passion 1999 the diviner reads the resultant pattern and see seriti as to! Validity of divinations revelations from the other world alterations of the Sudan use ants as well diviner seek. Wisdom of reticence and symbolize the validity of divinations revelations from the spirit.. Seems ready for symbolic interpretation 82 ], Eritrean witch-doctors also participate in divination % what was the role of diviners in african religion societies have long a! Diviners body becomes the vehicle of communication through spirit possession '' of Islamic ghosts aim... Replied, Talking brought me here.18 of Anthropology, Drew University despite such abilities mimicking... November 2021 [ 30 ], Eritrean witch-doctors also participate in divination ; the Azande of the cards read... And told the king that He had found a skull that talked Pretoria a! Will ask `` ohwebusa '' in an attempt to ask a potentially malignant spirit who are.