This very interesting page explains the controversial order of 1 May, 1943 to stay up and fight the aircraft attacking the U-boats. During the journey, Eck torpedoed and sank the Greek tramp steamer, SS Peleus . U-852 had a displacement of 1,610 tonnes (1,580 long tons) when at the surface and 1,799 tonnes (1,771 long tons) while submerged. Standing atop the bridge of the U-boat, the crew of the U-852 meticulously hunted and machine gunned the survivors. [3] However more recent commentary surmised that Gustafson had not hit her, and her loss is currently unexplained. This year, Scuba Diver Life and NOAA are partnering to profile 12 different ships in the Graveyard of the Atlantic. The expansion would also establish the largest area designated as a World War II battlefield anywhere in the world. A month's refit and leave, and it was time to sail again. Please email, Exploring Monitor National Marine Sanctuary, NOAA Marine Sanctuary Shipwrecks: the Dixie Arrow, NOAA National Marine Sanctuary Shipwrecks: The USS Monitor, Preserving Americas Underwater Battlefield: the Ashkhabad, Preserving Americas Underwater Battlefield: The Caribsea, Preserving Americas Underwater Battlefield: E.M. Clark, Preserving Americas Underwater Battlefield: HMT Bedfordshire, Preserving Americas Underwater Battlefield: F.W. The much smaller stern section lies approximately 1,800 feet further south. For their actions in sinking U-85, Destroyer Division 54 commander, Commander Stanley C. Norton and the Roper's captain, Lieutenant commander Hamilton W. Howe, were each awarded the Navy Cross.[8][9]. The most evil women in history, Ilse Koch. Greger sunk the ship and then proceeded directly to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. This month we visit the U-352. One of the most controversial incidents of the war, she was also the first ship to be sunk in the war. The wreck lies on its starboard side with approximately an 80 list. By using this website we assume that you agree with this. The report, provided by the Canadian War Museum, illustrates the boats career both in German service and its post-war service with the Royal Canadian Navy. [10] The Labrador current influences the site and visibility can be low. U-85 conducted four war patrols with the flotilla, and sank three ships, totalling 15,060gross register tons(GRT). The prosecutor was Colonel Halse of the Advocate Generals Office. The hearing was known as the Peleus Trial. Although, U-352 encountered no serious damage on its first patrol, no ships were sunk either. With orders to patrol off the coast of the United States, the U-boat reached New Jersey and, on April 10, found its first target. U-85 took a patrol station between Newfoundland and Nova Scotia and had no luck until January 21 when Greger fired four torpedoes at what was judged to be a 10,000 ton steamer. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Short video about the wreck of the German U-boat, U-85 sunk off North Carolina during World War Two. Roper raked U-85 with machine gun fire and scored a hit with a 3"/50 caliber gun. Significance: U- 352 is significant to American military history, maritime history and historic archaeology as it was the first U-boat sunk by the United States Coast Guard off the American East Coast during World War II's Battle of the Atlantic. The U.S. Navy requisitioned the vessel, originally named the Fairmont, in February 1918. U-352 closed for an attack. While on it's first patrol, U-85 discovered the massive 65-ship convoy 42 (SC-42), but was only able to sink the British freighter Thistleglen. She sank 38 ships totaling 217,751 tons, including 14. During the journey, Eck torpedoed and sank the Greek tramp steamer, SS Peleus. In protest, his Leading Engineer questioned his commanders order but could do little to change the fate of the survivors. The submarine was equipped with four torpedo tubes in the bow and two in the stern. They spent several weeks at sea, which were largely uneventful. [1] When submerged, the boat could operate for 90 nautical miles (170km; 100mi) at 4 knots (7.4km/h; 4.6mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,700 nautical miles (16,100km; 10,000mi) at 10 knots (19km/h; 12mph). The text is below: As U-852 broke the surface, her gun crews swarmed out and manned the anti-aircraft guns. U-852 (wreck) 832 km; Military Base 1210 km; Camp Khanjar 1330 km; Military Drone Airbase 1688 km; Royal Air Force of Oman Base 1732 km; Al Sulayyil ballistic missile base 1785 km; Mandar al Dhibiyan 1962 km; Masirah Island 2295 km; Royal Air Force of Oman Base 2312 km; Indian Island 2320 km On 13 March while crossing the latitude of Freetown in the Atlantic Ocean, the U-boat spotted the lone Greek steamer Peleus. At the beginning of May 1945, the Black Point departed Newport News, Virginia, for Weymouth, Massachusetts, with her cargo holds full of coal. Image courtesy of Kraken Robotics. Those charged were Heinz Eck, August Hoffmann, Walter Weisspfennig, Hans Richard Lenz and Wolfgang Schwender. The visibility and water temperature vary greatly depending upon the dynamic, shifting currents. The outer hull is gone at the bow, exposing the pressure hull and the four forward torpedo tubes. Some of the bodies were wearing civilian clothes, carrying wallets with United States currency and identification cards. This time the U-852 left rather than attack the survivors. He sent out five depth charges from the Y-gun, which damaged U-352 so badly they decided to play dead and lay still on the bottom, hoping to go unnoticed. The U-852 was itself sunk on May 3 1944 by British aircraft off the coast of Somalia. Shortly after midnight, Roper approached the area where U-85 sat and detected a weak radar contact. Image courtesy of the U.S. History and Heritage Command. Download image (jpg, 377 KB). Video clip depicting the story of the battle between YP-389 and U-701. Posted by: dozmataz_buckshank Date: October 14, 2016 05:31PM. She was launched in November 1938 and commissioned in February 1939.. U-40 conducted two war patrols during her career. U-85s captain must have decided to scuttle and abandon the ship. The boat attempted to run south on the surface and fired its stern torpedo at Roper when the range closed to 700 yards (640 m). German submarine U-852 was a Type IXD2 U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. (Photo: Steve Sellers, ECU/NOAA), NOAA-UBOAT-143 NOAA diver tracks a sand tiger shark as it circles U-85. (All photos: NOAA), Schools of fish swarm U-85s conning tower with its attack periscope housing still intact. The U-853 participated in three patrols during the war. There were only three survivors from the 35-man Peleus. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750ft). This page covers the events related to U-boats since 1945, including boats taken over by the allies after the war and their eventual fate. They confirmed the pressure hull had been breached and that the bodies of many of the 55 deceased German submariners were still on board the stricken vessel. This site was discovered in 1974 by Olympus owner and Captain, George Purifoy, and several friends. Group Schlei was to return to France and begin preparing for deployment to U.S. waters. In fact, he was still in Rhode Island Sound when the U.S. frigate Moberly (PF-63) and destroyer escorts Amick (DE168) and Atherton (DE-168) commenced the hunt for the submarine 90 minutes after the Black Point sank. She was 55 feet in the beam and rated at 5,353 tons. The site rests in approximately 90 feet of water about 14 miles east of Oregon Inlet. . In protest, his Leading Engineer questioned his commander's order but could do little to change the fate of the survivors. Ropers crew manned their machine guns and 3-inch deck guns. Firing two torpedoes, U-85 sank the Swedish freighter Christina Knudsen, and then proceeded directly for Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. Saling ship Zawisza Czarny and its German WWII engine, The Norwegian Operation and the Torpedo Crisis. Download image (jpg, 9.0 MB). Their exploration was featured on the History Channel special, Titanic's Final Moments - Missing Pieces. This month we visit U-701. KL Heinz Wilhelm Eck of U-852 was indicted and sentenced to death by firing squad at the Nuremberg Tribunal on November 30 1945. Earlier that day the four-stack destroyer USS Roper set out from Norfolk on its way to Cape Hatteras for antisubmarine patrol. The prosecutor was Colonel Halse of the Advocate General's Office.The presiding judge was Major A. Melford Stevenson. As Roper began to close in on U-85, the crew suspected that they were pursuing a submarine. The U-852 was itself sunk on May 3 1944 by British aircraft off the coast of Somalia. Sprague of Boston. Fatally wounded, the Black Point sank, killing 12 of the 46 men on board. The U-boat had been claimed to have been sunk by depth charge hedgehogs off the coast of Massachusetts on 7 April 1945 by USS Gustafson and was also thought to have been possibly sunk by USS Coffman. Both of which were part of the 6th U-boat Flotilla.During her short time in the war, she sank no . Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in May 1944, "Heinz-Wilhelm Eck: Siegerjustiz and the Peleus Affair", "Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 19411942", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German_submarine_U-852&oldid=1147548307, World War II shipwrecks in the Indian Ocean, Military history of British Somaliland during World War II, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 20.8 knots (38.5km/h; 23.9mph) surfaced, 57nmi (106km; 66mi) at 4 knots (7.4km/h; 4.6mph) submerged, This page was last edited on 31 March 2023, at 17:36. National marine sanctuaries protect some of the most spectacular ocean and Great Lakes resources in the United States, including shipwrecks like the Dixie Arrow. One survivor managed to escape and was eventually rescued by allied ships. Believing that U-boats operated in packs, as they did in other regions, Roper did not want to take the chance of being sunk by an additional U-boat. U-852 was fitted with six 53.3cm (21in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 24 torpedoes, one 10.5cm (4.13in) SK C/32 naval gun, 150 rounds, and a 3.7cm (1.5in) SK C/30 with 2575 rounds as well as two 2cm (0.79in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns with 8100 rounds. Divers approaching the U-352's conning tower. It may not display this or other websites correctly. 650 Castro Street On April 10, while off the New Jersey coast, U- 85 found its first target, Swedish freighter Christina Knudsen. Eck was forced to run aground on a coral reef (.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}932N 5059E / 9.533N 50.983E / 9.533; 50.983Coordinates: 932N 5059E / 9.533N 50.983E / 9.533; 50.983) about 20km (12mi) from shore. Website owner: Office of National Marine Sanctuaries | National Ocean Service | NOAA | Department of Commerce. The U-352 was a German submarine that was used during the notorious U-boat attacks in WWII along the NC Coast. This is the place to discuss general issues related to the U-boat war or the war at sea in WWII. The prosecutor was Colonel Halse of the Advocate Generals Office.The presiding judge was Major A. Melford Stevenson. Nine crew members were lost. On 30 April 1944, U-852 was spotted in the Indian Ocean by a Vickers Wellington bomber flying from Aden. Hans Richard Lenz was released already after 8 months and Wolfgang Schwender condemned to 15 years was released after 6 years in prison. Fearing that the survivors of his torpedo attack would be rescued and give away his presence, Eck ordered for all the survivors to be machine gunned. Gross Tonnage: 753/857 tons (surfaced/submerged) Cargo: N/A, Built: 1939, Flender Werke AG, Lbeck, Schlewsig-Holstein, Germany, Hull Number: 281 Port of Registry: Germany, Sunk By: USS Roper Survivors: 0 of 46 (46 dead), Data Collected on Site: Still and video photography; photomosaics; site plan; high resolution multibeam; photogrammetric model; listed on the National Register of Historic Places. [1] She had a total length of 66.50m (218ft 2in), a pressure hull length of 48.80m (160ft 1in), a beam of 6.20m (20ft 4in), a height of 9.50m (31ft 2in), and a draught of 4.74m (15ft 7in). The German sailors were later interred in Hampton Roads, Virginia. U-85 was fitted with five 53.3cm (21in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8cm (3.46in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and one 2cm (0.79in) anti-aircraft gun The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.[1]. Heinrich Himmlers mistress Hedwig Potthast. In an effort to honor the service and sacrifice of those lost during the Battle of the Atlantic, NOAA in 2019 will release a draft proposal to expand the boundaries of Monitor National Marine Sanctuary to include a nationally significant collection of shipwrecks that currently have little or no legal protection. The vessels were joint players in one of the final acts of the Battle of the North Atlantic during World War II. The pressure hull is ruptured and accessible at multiple points. Privacy Policy Hand grenades were also hurled at the remaining lifeboats. Spot A Shark USA Photography Diver Course, Project AWARE Sand Tiger Shark Conservation, Copyright 2023 | The crew was interned and sent to POW camps, after which they were charged when the war ended. Fearing that the survivors of his torpedo attack would be rescued and give away his presence, Eck ordered for all the survivors to be machine gunned. Over the course of the battle, eight Allied convoy vessels, 78 merchant freighters and tankers and four German U-boats sank off North Carolinas coast. Image courtesy of Kraken Robotics. Lieutenant Commander Maurice Jester aboard Icarus reacted appropriately. When Greger realized that U-85 was being tracked, he was in very shallow water; therefore, he evidently decided to try escaping on the surface. Setting sail from St. Nazaire, France, on March 21, 1942, U-85 was making its third and final journey. Two other officers of U-852, the 2WO and the doctor were also indicted and shot. It was the German U-boat sunk closest to the U.S. mainland. The submarine was powered by two MAN M 6 V 40/46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350kW; 2,760 to 3,160shp) for use while surfaced, two BBC GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550kW; 740shp) for use while submerged. After taking on fuel and fresh provisions, Greger was ready to take U-85 on a second war patrol, but this one too was a very frustrating and disappointing patrol. Following repairs, U-85 transferred from St. Nazaire to Lorient on October 11. The visibility and water temperature vary widely depending on the dynamic, shifting currents. Today, the submarine lies on the ocean floor almost within sight of the former Newport Torpedo Station which helped develop and test the underwater technology used to destroy it. This month well visit the Caribsea. The Black Point likewise serves as a war grave. The awesome memorial is a must see if you are in the Kiel area (perhaps visiting the U-995). Each shipwreck tells a unique story; today we visit the U-85. There youll also find a 3D model of U-85, a photomosaic, a video, site plan, and dive slate. On her third foray, she sank the Empire Fusilier southeast of St. Johns, Newfoundland, after a seven-hour chase, on 9 February 1942. The crew was captured and later tried for war crimes. This month well visit the E. M. Clark. Over the next several hours, Rathke got off two torpedoes, both of which missed. At the bow, the outer-hull is gone, exposing the pressure hull and the four forward torpedo tubes. Die Sprengung war jedoch nur zum Teil erfolgreich. However, before reaching land the U-boat came under attack from six RAF bombers from 621 Squadron. In 1927, Hawaiian Steamship Company sold her again, this time to C.H. She was laid down at the Flender Werke in Lbeck on 18 December 1939 as yard number 281. A well-aimed 3-inch shell breached the pressure hull just aft of U-85s conning tower. California 94041. Aft of the conning tower there is visible battle damage from Roper's 3-inch deck gun. Eck was to be the only U-boat commander found guilty of war crimes and executed after he ordered the machine gunning of survivors from the . Download image (jpg, 270 KB). This month we visit the U-85. [11] The majority of the debris lies within a 100 metres (330ft) radius of the wreck. The presiding judge was Major A. Melford Stevenson. 14 Mar 1944. Greger's first war patrol as Captain began on August 28, 1941, and he was dispatched to patrol for convoys southwest of Iceland. To view additional dive slates click here. She sank the Thistleglen on 10 September northeast of Cape Farewell (Greenland). To view other Outer Banks Maritime Heritage Trail videos, click here. U-85 took part in four wolfpacks, namely: U-85 was operating within visual distance of Bodie Island Light at midnight on 13 April 1942 when the US destroyer USSRoper detected the submarine on British Type 286 radar at a range of 2,700 yards (2,500m). One of the most successful Hunter-Killers of WWII. Click above to view a dive slate for U-85. Eck was to be the only U-boat commander found guilty of war crimes and executed after he ordered the machine gunning of survivors from the Greek ship Peleus. You can clearly see the shell damage behind the conning tower caused by USSRopers 3-inch gun. They then returned to the site and collected 33 survivors, one of which died aboard the Icarus shortly thereafter. Mountain View U-852 (+1944) Details general nationality: german purpose: war type: submarine subtype/class: IX D 2 class submarine (ger.) The submarine was equipped with four torpedo tubes in the bow and two in the stern. She measured 251 feet, 10 inches in length; 22 feet, 6 inches in the beam; and drew 15 feet, 4 inches. JavaScript is disabled. The site is heavily encrusted with coralline algae and supports an array of cnidarians, such as sea anemones and corals. British forces captured her crew. On 30 April 1944, U-852 was spotted in the Indian Ocean by a Vickers Wellington bomber flying from Aden. Data Collected on Site: Still and video photography; site plan; high and low resolutions multibeams; 3-D video, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. 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